Commentary

• “L’Idée du droit subjectif et les systèmes juridiques romains.”

  - Michel Villey, "L'Idée du droit subjectif et les systèmes juridiques romains," Revue historique de droit français et étranger, ser. 4, 24–5: 201–28, reprinted as “Les institutes de Gaius et l’idée du droit subjectif” in Villey (1962), 169-88., 1946.

• Natural Right and History

  - Leo Strauss, Natural Right and History. Paperback edn. University ofChicago Press, 1965.
  Review: –  In this classic work, Leo Strauss examines the problem of natural right and argues that there is a firm foundation in reality for the distinction between right and wrong in ethics and politics. On the centenary of Strauss’s birth, and… More

• Natural Law in Political Thought

  - Paul E. Sigmund, Natural Law in Political Thought. Cambridge, Massachusettes, 1971.

• “Stoic Intermediates and the End for Man.”

  - Kidd, I.  “Stoic Intermediates and the End for Man” in A. A. Long (1971), 150-72., 1971.

• Problems in Stoicism

  - Arthur A. Long (ed.) Problems in Stoicism. London, 1971.
  Overview: –  A timely reappraisal of the notable contributions of the Greek Stoics to logic, metaphysics, epistemology and ethics. This collection of papers, half of which were given at the series of seminars on Stoicism at the Institute of Classical… More

• “The interpretation of Cicero’s De legibus.”

  - Elisabeth Rawson, “The interpretation of Cicero’s De legibus,” Aufstieg und Niedergang der Römischen Welt 1.4: 334-56. (1985) Intellectual Life in the Late Roman Republic. Baltimore, Md., 1973.

• “The law of nature in Philo and Cicero.”

  - Richard A. Horsley, “The law of nature in Philo and Cicero,” Harvard Theological Review, 71: 35-59., 1978.
  Overview: –  “Christian Natural Law is the acceptance and reinterpretation according to Christian and ecclesiastical principles of Stoic Natural Law. …” Thus runs Troeltsch’s classic and influential formulation of the view that Stoicism… More

• Foundations of Modern Political Thought (2 vols.)

  - Quentin Skinner, Foundations of Modern Political Thought (2 vols.). Cambridge University Press, 1978.
  Overview: –  A two-volume study of political thought from the late thirteenth to the end of the sixteenth century, the decisive period of transition from medieval to modern political theory. The work is intended to be both an introduction to the period… More

• Natural Law and Natural Rights

  - John Finnis, Natural Law and Natural Rights. Oxford, 1980.
  Overview: –  First published in 1980, Natural Law and Natural Rights is widely heralded as a seminal contribution to the philosophy of law, and an authoritative restatement of natural law doctrine. It has offered generations of students and other… More

• “The Stoicism of the New Academy.”

  - Paul Couissin, “The Stoicism of the New Academy,” in Burnyeat, 31-63., 1983.

• “Grotius, Carneades and Hobbes.”

  - Richard Tuck, “Grotius, Carneades and Hobbes,” Grotiana 4: 43-62., 1983.  

• Tradition et raison chez Cicéron: l’émergence de la rationalité politique à la de la république romaine.”

  - Claude Moatti, “Tradition et raison chez Cicéron: l’émergence de la rationalité politique à la de la république romaine,” MEFRA 100.1: 385-430., 1988.

• “Bringing philosophy down from the heavens: natural right in the Roman Law.”

  - Michael P. Zuckert, “Bringing philosophy down from the heavens: natural right in the Roman Law,” The Review of Politics 51.1: 70-85., 1989.

• “Politics and philosophy in Stoicism.”

  - Paul A. Vander Waerdt, “Politics and philosophy in Stoicism,” Oxford Studies in Ancient Philosophy 9: 185-211., 1991.

• “Philosophical influence on Roman jurisprudence? The case of Stoicism and natural law.”

  - Paul A. Vander Waerdt, “Philosophical influence on Roman jurisprudence? The case of Stoicism and natural law,” ANRW 2.36.7: 4,851-900., 1994.

• “Zeno’s Republic and the origins of natural law.”

  - Paul A. Vander Waerdt, “Zeno’s Republic and the origins of natural law,” in The Socratic Movement, ed. P. A. Vander Waerdt. Ithaca: 272-308., 1994.

• “Natural law and natural right in post-Aristotelian philosophy: the Stoics and their critics.”

  - Phillip Mitsis,“Natural law and natural right in post-Aristotelian philosophy: the Stoics and their critics,” Aufstieg und Niedergang der Römischen Welt 2.36.7 (1994): 4,812-50., 1994.

• Justice and Generosity: Studies in Hellenistic Social and Political Philosophy.

  - Andre Laks and Malcolm Schofield (eds.) Justice and Generosity: Studies in Hellenistic Social and Political Philosophy. Cambridge, 1995.

• Cicero the Philosopher: 12 Papers.

  - Jonathan G. F. Powell, (ed.) Cicero the Philosopher: 12 Papers. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995.
  Overview: –  Cicero may be best known as a politician, but he was also one of the few significant Roman writers of philosophy. Powell presents a new and exciting selection of current scholarly work on this neglected side of him, establishing Cicero… More

• “Natural law and poetic justice: a Carneadean debate in Cicero and Virgil.”

  - James E. G. Zetzel, “Natural law and poetic justice: a Carneadean debate in Cicero and Virgil,” Classical Philology, 91.4: 297-319., Chicago, 1996.

• Liberty Before Liberalism

  - Quentin Skinner, Liberty Before Liberalism. Cambridge, 1998.
  Overview: –  This extended essay by one of the world’s leading historians seeks, in its first part, to excavate, and to vindicate, the neo-Roman theory of free citizens and free states as it developed in early-modern Britain. This analysis leads… More

• “Socratic Cosmopolitanism: Cicero’s Critique and Transformation of the Stoic Ideal.”

  - Thomas L. Pangle, "Socratic Cosmopolitanism: Cicero's Critique and Transformation of the Stoic Ideal." Canadian Journal of Political Science / Revue canadienne de science politique, Vol. 31, No. 2, pp. 235-262., 1998.  

• The Stoic Idea of the City

  - Malcolm Schofield, The Stoic Idea of the City. Chicago, 1999.
  Overview: –  The Stoic Idea of the City offers the first systematic analysis of the Stoic school, concentrating on Zeno’s Republic. Renowned classical scholar Malcolm Schofield brings together scattered and underused textual evidence, examining… More

• The Cambridge History of Hellenistic Philosophy

  - Keimpe Algra, Jonathan Barnes, Jaap Mansfeld, and Malcolm Schofield (eds.) The Cambridge History of Hellenistic Philosophy. Cambridge, 1999.
  Overview: –  A full account of the philosophy of the Greek and Roman worlds from the last days of Aristotle (c. 320 BC) until 100 BC. Hellenistic philosophy, for long relatively neglected and unappreciated, has over the last decade been the object of a… More

• Comprehending Cicero’s De Legibus

  - Mehl, D. D. (1999) Comprehending Cicero’s De Legibus. Dissertation, University of Virginia, 1999.

• The Cambridge History of Greek and Roman Political Thought

  - Christopher J. Rowe and Malcolm Schofield (eds.) The Cambridge History of Greek and Roman Political Thought. Cambridge, 2000.
  Overview: –  Beginning with Homer and ending in late antiquity with Christian and pagan reflections on divine and human order, this volume is the first general and comprehensive treatment of Rome ever to be published in English. Its international team… More

• “Cicero.”

  - E. M. Atkins, “Cicero,” in C. Rowe and M. Schofield (2000), 477-516., 2000.

• “Were Cicero’s Laws the laws of Cicero’s Republic?”

  - Jonathan G. F. Powell, “Were Cicero’s Laws the laws of Cicero’s Republic?,” in Powell and North (2001), 17-39. 157, 2001.

• “Metaphor in Cicero’s De Re Publica.”

  - Robert L. Gallagher, “Metaphor in Cicero’s De Re Publica,” Classical Quarterly 51.2: 509-19., 2001.

• The Roman Philosophers: From the Time of Cato the Censor to the Death of Marcus Aurelius.

  - Mark Morford, The Roman Philosophers: From the Time of Cato the Censor to the Death of Marcus Aurelius. London, 2002.
  Overview: –  The philosophers of the Roman world were asking questions whose answers had practical effects on people’s lives in antiquity, and which still influence our thinking to this day. In spite of being neglected in the modern era, this… More

• Cicero: A Study in the Origins of Republican Philosophy.

  - Robert T. Radford, Cicero: A Study in the Origins of Republican Philosophy. Amsterdam, 2002.
  Annotation: –  This book presents Cicero’s natural law theory, including valuable definitions of the state, the ideal state, the ideal ruler, and the laws for the ideal state. Explanations are offered of the Greek sources of Cicero’s… More

• On Revolution

  - Hannah Arendt, On Revolution. New York, 2006.
  Overview: –  Tracing the gradual evolution of revolutions since the American and French examples, Arendt predicts the changing relationship between war and revolution and the crucial role such combustive movements will play in the future of… More

• “Cicero on natural law and the laws of the state.”

  - Elisabeth Asmis, “Cicero on natural law and the laws of the state,” Classical Antiquity, 27.1: 1-33., 2008.