Major Works

• Letters on the Study and Use of History

  - Bolingbroke, H. St. John, 1st viscount. Letters on the Study and Use of History. London: A. Millar. 1752.

• “The Spirit of Sparta or the Taste of Xenophon”

  - Strauss, L. "The Spirit of Sparta or the Taste of Xenophon." Social Research 6: 502-36, 1939.
  Summary: Leo Strauss’ first article on Xenophon, an interpretation of Xenophon’s Spartans. Fundamental for the interpretation of Xenophon and Leo Strauss.

• Xénophon et le socratisme

  - Luccioni, J. Xénophon et le socratisme. Paris: Presses universitaires de France. 1953.

• Leo Strauss lecture on Xenophon, Winter 1963

  - Lecture Course of Leo Strauss at the University of Chicago, Winter 1963

• Xenophon’s Socratic Discourse: An Interpretation of the Oeconomicus

  - Strauss, L. Xenophon's Socratic Discourse: An Interpretation of the Oeconomicus. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press. 1970.
  Publisher’s Review: “Xenophon’s only true Socratic discourse, the Oeconomicus, is a dialogue between Socrates and a gentleman-farmer on the art of household management and the art of farming as practiced on a gentleman’s estate. It is… More

• Leo Strauss on Xenophon’s Oeconomicus

  - Lecture course of Leo Stauss at St. John's College, Annapolis, in 19 tapes. 1969-1970  

• Xenophon

  - Anderson, J. K.  Xenophon.  New York: Scribner.  1974.
  Publisher’s Review: “Historian, soldier, huntsman, economist, farmer, philosopher and author, Xenophon is one of the most versatile yet most accessible of the classical Greeks. Born at the start of the Peloponnesian War in Athens, he joined the… More

• The Prince

  - Machiavelli's The Prince. Trans. H. C. Mansfield. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1985.
  Publisher’s Review: “The most famous book on politics ever written, The Prince remains as lively and shocking today as when it was written almost five hundred years ago. Initially denounced as a collection of sinister maxims and a recommendation… More

• “Xenophon”

  - Bruell, C. "Xenophon." In History of Political Philosophy, ed. L. Strauss and J. Cropsey. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. 1987.

• “Xenophon and His Socrates” by Christopher Bruell

  - Bruell, Christopher. “Xenophon and His Socrates.” Interpretation 16 (1988): 295–306.
  One of the leading scholars of Xenophon offers his reflections on Xenophon’s Socrates.

• Bibliography of Editions, Translations and Commentary on Xenophon’s Socratic Writings: 1600-present

  - Morrison, D. Bibliography of Editions, Translations and Commentary on Xenophon's Socratic Writings: 1600-present. Pittsburgh: Mathesis Publications. 1988.

• “Xenophon’s Hiero and the Meaning of the Wise Man and Tyrant in Greek Literature”

  - Gray, V. "Xenophon's Hiero and the Meaning of the Wise Man and Tyrant in Greek Literature." Classics Quarterly 36: 115-23, 1989.
  Publisher’s Review: “The Hiero is an account in Socratic conversational form of a meeting between Simonides the poet and Hiero the tyrant of Syracuse; it was written by Xenophon of Athens in the fourth century b.c., but is set in the fifth, when… More

• Socrates, Ironist and Moral Philosopher

  - Vlastos, G. Socrates, Ironist and Moral Philosopher. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1991.
  Publisher’s Review: “Written by a leading historian of Greek thought, it argues for a Socrates who, though long overshadowed by his successors Plato and Aristotle, marked the true turning point in Greek philosophy, religion and ethics. The quest… More

• The Socratic Movement

  - Vander Waerdt, P. A., ed. The Socratic Movement. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press. 1994.
  Table of Contents: Preface Abbreviations Introduction / Paul A. Vander Waerdt 1 1. The Origins of the Socratic Dialogue / Diskin Clay 23 2. Socrates in the Clouds / Paul A. Vander Waerdt 48 3. Aeschines on Socratic Eros / Charles H. Kahn 87 4. The… More

• “Socrates in the Context of Xenophon’s Political Writings”

  - Pangle, T. "Socrates in the Context of Xenophon's Political Writings." In The Socratic Movement, ed. P. Vander Waerdt. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press. 1994.

• Oeconomicus: A Social and Historical Commentary

  - Pomeroy, S. Xenophon Oeconomicus: A Social and Historical Commentary. Oxford: Clarendon Press. 1994.
  Publisher’s Review: “The Oeconomicus is unique in Greek literature in combining a discussion of the proper management of a family or household and didactic material on agriculture within a Socratic dialogue. One of the richest primary sources… More

• The Socratic Movement

  - Vander Waerdt, P. A., ed. The Socratic Movement. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press. 1994.

• “Xenophon’s Socrates on the Just and the Lawful”

  - Morrison, D. "Xenophon's Socrates on the Just and the Lawful." Ancient Philosophy 15: 329-477.

• “Xenophon’s Symposium”

  - Bartlett, R. "Xenophon's Symposium." In Xenophon's Shorter Socratic Writings, ed. Robert Bartlett. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell U. Press. 1996.
  Publisher’s Review “This book presents translations of three dialogues Xenophon devoted to the life and thought of his teacher, Socrates. Each is accompanied by notes and an interpretative essay that will introduce new readers to Xenophon and… More

• “The Rhetoric of Xenophon and the Treatment of Justice in the Memorabilia”

  - Buzetti, E. "The Rhetoric of Xenophon and the Treatment of Justice in the Memorabilia," Interpretation 29 (1) 2001: 6.

• Xenophon’s Socrates by Leo Strauss

  - Strauss, Leo. Xenophon's Socrates. South Bend, IN: St. Augustine’s Press, 2004. Originally published 1972.
  From the publisher: Relying exclusively on the texts, Professor Strauss analyzes and compares every seemingly casual utterance as well as the more formal statements to recover the true Socrates and to determine the character of political philosophy. He… More

• “Xenophon’s Socrates on Political Ambition” by Benjamin Lorch

  - Lorch, B. "Xenophon's Socrates on Political Ambition and Political Philosophy." The Review of Politics. Vol. 72. Issue 2 2010.

• Socrates without Plato: the portrayals of Aristophanes and Xenophon

  - Peter Adamson. History of Philosophy Podcast. King's College London.  Audio recording. Time 20:25.
  In the first of several episodes on Socrates, Peter Adamson discusses portrayals of Socrates in “The Clouds” of Aristophanes and in the works of the historian Xenophon.

• The Shorter Socratic Writings

  - Xenophon, The Shorter Socratic Writings, trans./ed. R. Bartlett. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press. 1996.
  Publisher’s Review: “This book presents translations of three dialogues Xenophon devoted to the life and thought of his teacher, Socrates. Each is accompanied by notes and an interpretative essay that will introduce new readers to Xenophon and… More

• Xenophon’s Memorabilia

  - Xenophon. Memorabilia. Translated and edited by A. L. Bonnette. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1994.
  From the publisher: An essential text for understanding Socrates, Xenophon’s Memorabilia is the compelling tribute of an affectionate student to his teacher, providing a rare firsthand account of Socrates’ life and philosophy. The Memorabilia is… More

• The Education of Cyrus

  - Xenophon. The Education of Cyrus. Translated and edited by Wayne Ambler. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2001.
  From the publisher: Xenophon’s masterpiece The Education of Cyrus—a work admired by Machiavelli for its lessons on leadership—is at last available in a new English translation for a new century. Also known as the Cyropaedia, this philosophical novel… More

• Hiero or: On Tyranny

  - Hiero in Leo Strauss On Tyranny, ed. Gourevitch, Roth Chicago: University of Chicago Press. corrected and expanded edition, 2013.
  From the publisher: On Tyranny is Leo Strauss’s classic reading of Xenophon’s dialogue, Hiero or Tyrannicus, in which the tyrant Hiero and the poet Simonides discuss the advantages and disadvantages of exercising tyranny. This edition… More

Other Works

• Letters on the Study and Use of History

  - Bolingbroke, H. St. John, 1st viscount. Letters on the Study and Use of History. London: A. Millar. 1752.

• “The Spirit of Sparta or the Taste of Xenophon”

  - Strauss, L. "The Spirit of Sparta or the Taste of Xenophon." Social Research 6: 502-36, 1939.
  Summary: Leo Strauss’ first article on Xenophon, an interpretation of Xenophon’s Spartans. Fundamental for the interpretation of Xenophon and Leo Strauss.

• Xénophon et le socratisme

  - Luccioni, J. Xénophon et le socratisme. Paris: Presses universitaires de France. 1953.

• Leo Strauss lecture on Xenophon, Winter 1963

  - Lecture Course of Leo Strauss at the University of Chicago, Winter 1963

• Xenophon’s Socratic Discourse: An Interpretation of the Oeconomicus

  - Strauss, L. Xenophon's Socratic Discourse: An Interpretation of the Oeconomicus. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press. 1970.
  Publisher’s Review: “Xenophon’s only true Socratic discourse, the Oeconomicus, is a dialogue between Socrates and a gentleman-farmer on the art of household management and the art of farming as practiced on a gentleman’s estate. It is… More

• Leo Strauss on Xenophon’s Oeconomicus

  - Lecture course of Leo Stauss at St. John's College, Annapolis, in 19 tapes. 1969-1970  

• Xenophon

  - Anderson, J. K.  Xenophon.  New York: Scribner.  1974.
  Publisher’s Review: “Historian, soldier, huntsman, economist, farmer, philosopher and author, Xenophon is one of the most versatile yet most accessible of the classical Greeks. Born at the start of the Peloponnesian War in Athens, he joined the… More

• The Prince

  - Machiavelli's The Prince. Trans. H. C. Mansfield. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1985.
  Publisher’s Review: “The most famous book on politics ever written, The Prince remains as lively and shocking today as when it was written almost five hundred years ago. Initially denounced as a collection of sinister maxims and a recommendation… More

• “Xenophon”

  - Bruell, C. "Xenophon." In History of Political Philosophy, ed. L. Strauss and J. Cropsey. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. 1987.

• “Xenophon and His Socrates” by Christopher Bruell

  - Bruell, Christopher. “Xenophon and His Socrates.” Interpretation 16 (1988): 295–306.
  One of the leading scholars of Xenophon offers his reflections on Xenophon’s Socrates.

• Bibliography of Editions, Translations and Commentary on Xenophon’s Socratic Writings: 1600-present

  - Morrison, D. Bibliography of Editions, Translations and Commentary on Xenophon's Socratic Writings: 1600-present. Pittsburgh: Mathesis Publications. 1988.

• “Xenophon’s Hiero and the Meaning of the Wise Man and Tyrant in Greek Literature”

  - Gray, V. "Xenophon's Hiero and the Meaning of the Wise Man and Tyrant in Greek Literature." Classics Quarterly 36: 115-23, 1989.
  Publisher’s Review: “The Hiero is an account in Socratic conversational form of a meeting between Simonides the poet and Hiero the tyrant of Syracuse; it was written by Xenophon of Athens in the fourth century b.c., but is set in the fifth, when… More

• Socrates, Ironist and Moral Philosopher

  - Vlastos, G. Socrates, Ironist and Moral Philosopher. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1991.
  Publisher’s Review: “Written by a leading historian of Greek thought, it argues for a Socrates who, though long overshadowed by his successors Plato and Aristotle, marked the true turning point in Greek philosophy, religion and ethics. The quest… More

• The Socratic Movement

  - Vander Waerdt, P. A., ed. The Socratic Movement. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press. 1994.
  Table of Contents: Preface Abbreviations Introduction / Paul A. Vander Waerdt 1 1. The Origins of the Socratic Dialogue / Diskin Clay 23 2. Socrates in the Clouds / Paul A. Vander Waerdt 48 3. Aeschines on Socratic Eros / Charles H. Kahn 87 4. The… More

• “Socrates in the Context of Xenophon’s Political Writings”

  - Pangle, T. "Socrates in the Context of Xenophon's Political Writings." In The Socratic Movement, ed. P. Vander Waerdt. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press. 1994.

• Oeconomicus: A Social and Historical Commentary

  - Pomeroy, S. Xenophon Oeconomicus: A Social and Historical Commentary. Oxford: Clarendon Press. 1994.
  Publisher’s Review: “The Oeconomicus is unique in Greek literature in combining a discussion of the proper management of a family or household and didactic material on agriculture within a Socratic dialogue. One of the richest primary sources… More

• The Socratic Movement

  - Vander Waerdt, P. A., ed. The Socratic Movement. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press. 1994.

• “Xenophon’s Socrates on the Just and the Lawful”

  - Morrison, D. "Xenophon's Socrates on the Just and the Lawful." Ancient Philosophy 15: 329-477.

• “Xenophon’s Symposium”

  - Bartlett, R. "Xenophon's Symposium." In Xenophon's Shorter Socratic Writings, ed. Robert Bartlett. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell U. Press. 1996.
  Publisher’s Review “This book presents translations of three dialogues Xenophon devoted to the life and thought of his teacher, Socrates. Each is accompanied by notes and an interpretative essay that will introduce new readers to Xenophon and… More

• “The Rhetoric of Xenophon and the Treatment of Justice in the Memorabilia”

  - Buzetti, E. "The Rhetoric of Xenophon and the Treatment of Justice in the Memorabilia," Interpretation 29 (1) 2001: 6.

• Xenophon’s Socrates by Leo Strauss

  - Strauss, Leo. Xenophon's Socrates. South Bend, IN: St. Augustine’s Press, 2004. Originally published 1972.
  From the publisher: Relying exclusively on the texts, Professor Strauss analyzes and compares every seemingly casual utterance as well as the more formal statements to recover the true Socrates and to determine the character of political philosophy. He… More

• “Xenophon’s Socrates on Political Ambition” by Benjamin Lorch

  - Lorch, B. "Xenophon's Socrates on Political Ambition and Political Philosophy." The Review of Politics. Vol. 72. Issue 2 2010.

• Socrates without Plato: the portrayals of Aristophanes and Xenophon

  - Peter Adamson. History of Philosophy Podcast. King's College London.  Audio recording. Time 20:25.
  In the first of several episodes on Socrates, Peter Adamson discusses portrayals of Socrates in “The Clouds” of Aristophanes and in the works of the historian Xenophon.

• The Shorter Socratic Writings

  - Xenophon, The Shorter Socratic Writings, trans./ed. R. Bartlett. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press. 1996.
  Publisher’s Review: “This book presents translations of three dialogues Xenophon devoted to the life and thought of his teacher, Socrates. Each is accompanied by notes and an interpretative essay that will introduce new readers to Xenophon and… More

• Xenophon’s Memorabilia

  - Xenophon. Memorabilia. Translated and edited by A. L. Bonnette. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1994.
  From the publisher: An essential text for understanding Socrates, Xenophon’s Memorabilia is the compelling tribute of an affectionate student to his teacher, providing a rare firsthand account of Socrates’ life and philosophy. The Memorabilia is… More

• The Education of Cyrus

  - Xenophon. The Education of Cyrus. Translated and edited by Wayne Ambler. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2001.
  From the publisher: Xenophon’s masterpiece The Education of Cyrus—a work admired by Machiavelli for its lessons on leadership—is at last available in a new English translation for a new century. Also known as the Cyropaedia, this philosophical novel… More

• Hiero or: On Tyranny

  - Hiero in Leo Strauss On Tyranny, ed. Gourevitch, Roth Chicago: University of Chicago Press. corrected and expanded edition, 2013.
  From the publisher: On Tyranny is Leo Strauss’s classic reading of Xenophon’s dialogue, Hiero or Tyrannicus, in which the tyrant Hiero and the poet Simonides discuss the advantages and disadvantages of exercising tyranny. This edition… More

Commentary

• Letters on the Study and Use of History

  - Bolingbroke, H. St. John, 1st viscount. Letters on the Study and Use of History. London: A. Millar. 1752.

• “The Spirit of Sparta or the Taste of Xenophon”

  - Strauss, L. "The Spirit of Sparta or the Taste of Xenophon." Social Research 6: 502-36, 1939.
  Summary: Leo Strauss’ first article on Xenophon, an interpretation of Xenophon’s Spartans. Fundamental for the interpretation of Xenophon and Leo Strauss.

• Xénophon et le socratisme

  - Luccioni, J. Xénophon et le socratisme. Paris: Presses universitaires de France. 1953.

• Leo Strauss lecture on Xenophon, Winter 1963

  - Lecture Course of Leo Strauss at the University of Chicago, Winter 1963

• Xenophon’s Socratic Discourse: An Interpretation of the Oeconomicus

  - Strauss, L. Xenophon's Socratic Discourse: An Interpretation of the Oeconomicus. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press. 1970.
  Publisher’s Review: “Xenophon’s only true Socratic discourse, the Oeconomicus, is a dialogue between Socrates and a gentleman-farmer on the art of household management and the art of farming as practiced on a gentleman’s estate. It is… More

• Leo Strauss on Xenophon’s Oeconomicus

  - Lecture course of Leo Stauss at St. John's College, Annapolis, in 19 tapes. 1969-1970  

• Xenophon

  - Anderson, J. K.  Xenophon.  New York: Scribner.  1974.
  Publisher’s Review: “Historian, soldier, huntsman, economist, farmer, philosopher and author, Xenophon is one of the most versatile yet most accessible of the classical Greeks. Born at the start of the Peloponnesian War in Athens, he joined the… More

• The Prince

  - Machiavelli's The Prince. Trans. H. C. Mansfield. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1985.
  Publisher’s Review: “The most famous book on politics ever written, The Prince remains as lively and shocking today as when it was written almost five hundred years ago. Initially denounced as a collection of sinister maxims and a recommendation… More

• “Xenophon”

  - Bruell, C. "Xenophon." In History of Political Philosophy, ed. L. Strauss and J. Cropsey. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. 1987.

• “Xenophon and His Socrates” by Christopher Bruell

  - Bruell, Christopher. “Xenophon and His Socrates.” Interpretation 16 (1988): 295–306.
  One of the leading scholars of Xenophon offers his reflections on Xenophon’s Socrates.

• Bibliography of Editions, Translations and Commentary on Xenophon’s Socratic Writings: 1600-present

  - Morrison, D. Bibliography of Editions, Translations and Commentary on Xenophon's Socratic Writings: 1600-present. Pittsburgh: Mathesis Publications. 1988.

• “Xenophon’s Hiero and the Meaning of the Wise Man and Tyrant in Greek Literature”

  - Gray, V. "Xenophon's Hiero and the Meaning of the Wise Man and Tyrant in Greek Literature." Classics Quarterly 36: 115-23, 1989.
  Publisher’s Review: “The Hiero is an account in Socratic conversational form of a meeting between Simonides the poet and Hiero the tyrant of Syracuse; it was written by Xenophon of Athens in the fourth century b.c., but is set in the fifth, when… More

• Socrates, Ironist and Moral Philosopher

  - Vlastos, G. Socrates, Ironist and Moral Philosopher. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1991.
  Publisher’s Review: “Written by a leading historian of Greek thought, it argues for a Socrates who, though long overshadowed by his successors Plato and Aristotle, marked the true turning point in Greek philosophy, religion and ethics. The quest… More

• The Socratic Movement

  - Vander Waerdt, P. A., ed. The Socratic Movement. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press. 1994.
  Table of Contents: Preface Abbreviations Introduction / Paul A. Vander Waerdt 1 1. The Origins of the Socratic Dialogue / Diskin Clay 23 2. Socrates in the Clouds / Paul A. Vander Waerdt 48 3. Aeschines on Socratic Eros / Charles H. Kahn 87 4. The… More

• “Socrates in the Context of Xenophon’s Political Writings”

  - Pangle, T. "Socrates in the Context of Xenophon's Political Writings." In The Socratic Movement, ed. P. Vander Waerdt. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press. 1994.

• Oeconomicus: A Social and Historical Commentary

  - Pomeroy, S. Xenophon Oeconomicus: A Social and Historical Commentary. Oxford: Clarendon Press. 1994.
  Publisher’s Review: “The Oeconomicus is unique in Greek literature in combining a discussion of the proper management of a family or household and didactic material on agriculture within a Socratic dialogue. One of the richest primary sources… More

• The Socratic Movement

  - Vander Waerdt, P. A., ed. The Socratic Movement. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press. 1994.

• “Xenophon’s Socrates on the Just and the Lawful”

  - Morrison, D. "Xenophon's Socrates on the Just and the Lawful." Ancient Philosophy 15: 329-477.

• “Xenophon’s Symposium”

  - Bartlett, R. "Xenophon's Symposium." In Xenophon's Shorter Socratic Writings, ed. Robert Bartlett. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell U. Press. 1996.
  Publisher’s Review “This book presents translations of three dialogues Xenophon devoted to the life and thought of his teacher, Socrates. Each is accompanied by notes and an interpretative essay that will introduce new readers to Xenophon and… More

• “The Rhetoric of Xenophon and the Treatment of Justice in the Memorabilia”

  - Buzetti, E. "The Rhetoric of Xenophon and the Treatment of Justice in the Memorabilia," Interpretation 29 (1) 2001: 6.

• Xenophon’s Socrates by Leo Strauss

  - Strauss, Leo. Xenophon's Socrates. South Bend, IN: St. Augustine’s Press, 2004. Originally published 1972.
  From the publisher: Relying exclusively on the texts, Professor Strauss analyzes and compares every seemingly casual utterance as well as the more formal statements to recover the true Socrates and to determine the character of political philosophy. He… More

• “Xenophon’s Socrates on Political Ambition” by Benjamin Lorch

  - Lorch, B. "Xenophon's Socrates on Political Ambition and Political Philosophy." The Review of Politics. Vol. 72. Issue 2 2010.

• Socrates without Plato: the portrayals of Aristophanes and Xenophon

  - Peter Adamson. History of Philosophy Podcast. King's College London.  Audio recording. Time 20:25.
  In the first of several episodes on Socrates, Peter Adamson discusses portrayals of Socrates in “The Clouds” of Aristophanes and in the works of the historian Xenophon.

• The Shorter Socratic Writings

  - Xenophon, The Shorter Socratic Writings, trans./ed. R. Bartlett. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press. 1996.
  Publisher’s Review: “This book presents translations of three dialogues Xenophon devoted to the life and thought of his teacher, Socrates. Each is accompanied by notes and an interpretative essay that will introduce new readers to Xenophon and… More

• Xenophon’s Memorabilia

  - Xenophon. Memorabilia. Translated and edited by A. L. Bonnette. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1994.
  From the publisher: An essential text for understanding Socrates, Xenophon’s Memorabilia is the compelling tribute of an affectionate student to his teacher, providing a rare firsthand account of Socrates’ life and philosophy. The Memorabilia is… More

• The Education of Cyrus

  - Xenophon. The Education of Cyrus. Translated and edited by Wayne Ambler. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2001.
  From the publisher: Xenophon’s masterpiece The Education of Cyrus—a work admired by Machiavelli for its lessons on leadership—is at last available in a new English translation for a new century. Also known as the Cyropaedia, this philosophical novel… More

• Hiero or: On Tyranny

  - Hiero in Leo Strauss On Tyranny, ed. Gourevitch, Roth Chicago: University of Chicago Press. corrected and expanded edition, 2013.
  From the publisher: On Tyranny is Leo Strauss’s classic reading of Xenophon’s dialogue, Hiero or Tyrannicus, in which the tyrant Hiero and the poet Simonides discuss the advantages and disadvantages of exercising tyranny. This edition… More

Multimedia

• Letters on the Study and Use of History

  - Bolingbroke, H. St. John, 1st viscount. Letters on the Study and Use of History. London: A. Millar. 1752.

• “The Spirit of Sparta or the Taste of Xenophon”

  - Strauss, L. "The Spirit of Sparta or the Taste of Xenophon." Social Research 6: 502-36, 1939.
  Summary: Leo Strauss’ first article on Xenophon, an interpretation of Xenophon’s Spartans. Fundamental for the interpretation of Xenophon and Leo Strauss.

• Xénophon et le socratisme

  - Luccioni, J. Xénophon et le socratisme. Paris: Presses universitaires de France. 1953.

• Leo Strauss lecture on Xenophon, Winter 1963

  - Lecture Course of Leo Strauss at the University of Chicago, Winter 1963

• Xenophon’s Socratic Discourse: An Interpretation of the Oeconomicus

  - Strauss, L. Xenophon's Socratic Discourse: An Interpretation of the Oeconomicus. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press. 1970.
  Publisher’s Review: “Xenophon’s only true Socratic discourse, the Oeconomicus, is a dialogue between Socrates and a gentleman-farmer on the art of household management and the art of farming as practiced on a gentleman’s estate. It is… More

• Leo Strauss on Xenophon’s Oeconomicus

  - Lecture course of Leo Stauss at St. John's College, Annapolis, in 19 tapes. 1969-1970  

• Xenophon

  - Anderson, J. K.  Xenophon.  New York: Scribner.  1974.
  Publisher’s Review: “Historian, soldier, huntsman, economist, farmer, philosopher and author, Xenophon is one of the most versatile yet most accessible of the classical Greeks. Born at the start of the Peloponnesian War in Athens, he joined the… More

• The Prince

  - Machiavelli's The Prince. Trans. H. C. Mansfield. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1985.
  Publisher’s Review: “The most famous book on politics ever written, The Prince remains as lively and shocking today as when it was written almost five hundred years ago. Initially denounced as a collection of sinister maxims and a recommendation… More

• “Xenophon”

  - Bruell, C. "Xenophon." In History of Political Philosophy, ed. L. Strauss and J. Cropsey. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. 1987.

• “Xenophon and His Socrates” by Christopher Bruell

  - Bruell, Christopher. “Xenophon and His Socrates.” Interpretation 16 (1988): 295–306.
  One of the leading scholars of Xenophon offers his reflections on Xenophon’s Socrates.

• Bibliography of Editions, Translations and Commentary on Xenophon’s Socratic Writings: 1600-present

  - Morrison, D. Bibliography of Editions, Translations and Commentary on Xenophon's Socratic Writings: 1600-present. Pittsburgh: Mathesis Publications. 1988.

• “Xenophon’s Hiero and the Meaning of the Wise Man and Tyrant in Greek Literature”

  - Gray, V. "Xenophon's Hiero and the Meaning of the Wise Man and Tyrant in Greek Literature." Classics Quarterly 36: 115-23, 1989.
  Publisher’s Review: “The Hiero is an account in Socratic conversational form of a meeting between Simonides the poet and Hiero the tyrant of Syracuse; it was written by Xenophon of Athens in the fourth century b.c., but is set in the fifth, when… More

• Socrates, Ironist and Moral Philosopher

  - Vlastos, G. Socrates, Ironist and Moral Philosopher. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1991.
  Publisher’s Review: “Written by a leading historian of Greek thought, it argues for a Socrates who, though long overshadowed by his successors Plato and Aristotle, marked the true turning point in Greek philosophy, religion and ethics. The quest… More

• The Socratic Movement

  - Vander Waerdt, P. A., ed. The Socratic Movement. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press. 1994.
  Table of Contents: Preface Abbreviations Introduction / Paul A. Vander Waerdt 1 1. The Origins of the Socratic Dialogue / Diskin Clay 23 2. Socrates in the Clouds / Paul A. Vander Waerdt 48 3. Aeschines on Socratic Eros / Charles H. Kahn 87 4. The… More

• “Socrates in the Context of Xenophon’s Political Writings”

  - Pangle, T. "Socrates in the Context of Xenophon's Political Writings." In The Socratic Movement, ed. P. Vander Waerdt. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press. 1994.

• Oeconomicus: A Social and Historical Commentary

  - Pomeroy, S. Xenophon Oeconomicus: A Social and Historical Commentary. Oxford: Clarendon Press. 1994.
  Publisher’s Review: “The Oeconomicus is unique in Greek literature in combining a discussion of the proper management of a family or household and didactic material on agriculture within a Socratic dialogue. One of the richest primary sources… More

• The Socratic Movement

  - Vander Waerdt, P. A., ed. The Socratic Movement. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press. 1994.

• “Xenophon’s Socrates on the Just and the Lawful”

  - Morrison, D. "Xenophon's Socrates on the Just and the Lawful." Ancient Philosophy 15: 329-477.

• “Xenophon’s Symposium”

  - Bartlett, R. "Xenophon's Symposium." In Xenophon's Shorter Socratic Writings, ed. Robert Bartlett. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell U. Press. 1996.
  Publisher’s Review “This book presents translations of three dialogues Xenophon devoted to the life and thought of his teacher, Socrates. Each is accompanied by notes and an interpretative essay that will introduce new readers to Xenophon and… More

• “The Rhetoric of Xenophon and the Treatment of Justice in the Memorabilia”

  - Buzetti, E. "The Rhetoric of Xenophon and the Treatment of Justice in the Memorabilia," Interpretation 29 (1) 2001: 6.

• Xenophon’s Socrates by Leo Strauss

  - Strauss, Leo. Xenophon's Socrates. South Bend, IN: St. Augustine’s Press, 2004. Originally published 1972.
  From the publisher: Relying exclusively on the texts, Professor Strauss analyzes and compares every seemingly casual utterance as well as the more formal statements to recover the true Socrates and to determine the character of political philosophy. He… More

• “Xenophon’s Socrates on Political Ambition” by Benjamin Lorch

  - Lorch, B. "Xenophon's Socrates on Political Ambition and Political Philosophy." The Review of Politics. Vol. 72. Issue 2 2010.

• Socrates without Plato: the portrayals of Aristophanes and Xenophon

  - Peter Adamson. History of Philosophy Podcast. King's College London.  Audio recording. Time 20:25.
  In the first of several episodes on Socrates, Peter Adamson discusses portrayals of Socrates in “The Clouds” of Aristophanes and in the works of the historian Xenophon.

• The Shorter Socratic Writings

  - Xenophon, The Shorter Socratic Writings, trans./ed. R. Bartlett. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press. 1996.
  Publisher’s Review: “This book presents translations of three dialogues Xenophon devoted to the life and thought of his teacher, Socrates. Each is accompanied by notes and an interpretative essay that will introduce new readers to Xenophon and… More

• Xenophon’s Memorabilia

  - Xenophon. Memorabilia. Translated and edited by A. L. Bonnette. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1994.
  From the publisher: An essential text for understanding Socrates, Xenophon’s Memorabilia is the compelling tribute of an affectionate student to his teacher, providing a rare firsthand account of Socrates’ life and philosophy. The Memorabilia is… More

• The Education of Cyrus

  - Xenophon. The Education of Cyrus. Translated and edited by Wayne Ambler. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2001.
  From the publisher: Xenophon’s masterpiece The Education of Cyrus—a work admired by Machiavelli for its lessons on leadership—is at last available in a new English translation for a new century. Also known as the Cyropaedia, this philosophical novel… More

• Hiero or: On Tyranny

  - Hiero in Leo Strauss On Tyranny, ed. Gourevitch, Roth Chicago: University of Chicago Press. corrected and expanded edition, 2013.
  From the publisher: On Tyranny is Leo Strauss’s classic reading of Xenophon’s dialogue, Hiero or Tyrannicus, in which the tyrant Hiero and the poet Simonides discuss the advantages and disadvantages of exercising tyranny. This edition… More

Teaching

• Letters on the Study and Use of History

  - Bolingbroke, H. St. John, 1st viscount. Letters on the Study and Use of History. London: A. Millar. 1752.

• “The Spirit of Sparta or the Taste of Xenophon”

  - Strauss, L. "The Spirit of Sparta or the Taste of Xenophon." Social Research 6: 502-36, 1939.
  Summary: Leo Strauss’ first article on Xenophon, an interpretation of Xenophon’s Spartans. Fundamental for the interpretation of Xenophon and Leo Strauss.

• Xénophon et le socratisme

  - Luccioni, J. Xénophon et le socratisme. Paris: Presses universitaires de France. 1953.

• Leo Strauss lecture on Xenophon, Winter 1963

  - Lecture Course of Leo Strauss at the University of Chicago, Winter 1963

• Xenophon’s Socratic Discourse: An Interpretation of the Oeconomicus

  - Strauss, L. Xenophon's Socratic Discourse: An Interpretation of the Oeconomicus. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press. 1970.
  Publisher’s Review: “Xenophon’s only true Socratic discourse, the Oeconomicus, is a dialogue between Socrates and a gentleman-farmer on the art of household management and the art of farming as practiced on a gentleman’s estate. It is… More

• Leo Strauss on Xenophon’s Oeconomicus

  - Lecture course of Leo Stauss at St. John's College, Annapolis, in 19 tapes. 1969-1970  

• Xenophon

  - Anderson, J. K.  Xenophon.  New York: Scribner.  1974.
  Publisher’s Review: “Historian, soldier, huntsman, economist, farmer, philosopher and author, Xenophon is one of the most versatile yet most accessible of the classical Greeks. Born at the start of the Peloponnesian War in Athens, he joined the… More

• The Prince

  - Machiavelli's The Prince. Trans. H. C. Mansfield. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1985.
  Publisher’s Review: “The most famous book on politics ever written, The Prince remains as lively and shocking today as when it was written almost five hundred years ago. Initially denounced as a collection of sinister maxims and a recommendation… More

• “Xenophon”

  - Bruell, C. "Xenophon." In History of Political Philosophy, ed. L. Strauss and J. Cropsey. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. 1987.

• “Xenophon and His Socrates” by Christopher Bruell

  - Bruell, Christopher. “Xenophon and His Socrates.” Interpretation 16 (1988): 295–306.
  One of the leading scholars of Xenophon offers his reflections on Xenophon’s Socrates.

• Bibliography of Editions, Translations and Commentary on Xenophon’s Socratic Writings: 1600-present

  - Morrison, D. Bibliography of Editions, Translations and Commentary on Xenophon's Socratic Writings: 1600-present. Pittsburgh: Mathesis Publications. 1988.

• “Xenophon’s Hiero and the Meaning of the Wise Man and Tyrant in Greek Literature”

  - Gray, V. "Xenophon's Hiero and the Meaning of the Wise Man and Tyrant in Greek Literature." Classics Quarterly 36: 115-23, 1989.
  Publisher’s Review: “The Hiero is an account in Socratic conversational form of a meeting between Simonides the poet and Hiero the tyrant of Syracuse; it was written by Xenophon of Athens in the fourth century b.c., but is set in the fifth, when… More

• Socrates, Ironist and Moral Philosopher

  - Vlastos, G. Socrates, Ironist and Moral Philosopher. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1991.
  Publisher’s Review: “Written by a leading historian of Greek thought, it argues for a Socrates who, though long overshadowed by his successors Plato and Aristotle, marked the true turning point in Greek philosophy, religion and ethics. The quest… More

• The Socratic Movement

  - Vander Waerdt, P. A., ed. The Socratic Movement. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press. 1994.
  Table of Contents: Preface Abbreviations Introduction / Paul A. Vander Waerdt 1 1. The Origins of the Socratic Dialogue / Diskin Clay 23 2. Socrates in the Clouds / Paul A. Vander Waerdt 48 3. Aeschines on Socratic Eros / Charles H. Kahn 87 4. The… More

• “Socrates in the Context of Xenophon’s Political Writings”

  - Pangle, T. "Socrates in the Context of Xenophon's Political Writings." In The Socratic Movement, ed. P. Vander Waerdt. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press. 1994.

• Oeconomicus: A Social and Historical Commentary

  - Pomeroy, S. Xenophon Oeconomicus: A Social and Historical Commentary. Oxford: Clarendon Press. 1994.
  Publisher’s Review: “The Oeconomicus is unique in Greek literature in combining a discussion of the proper management of a family or household and didactic material on agriculture within a Socratic dialogue. One of the richest primary sources… More

• The Socratic Movement

  - Vander Waerdt, P. A., ed. The Socratic Movement. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press. 1994.

• “Xenophon’s Socrates on the Just and the Lawful”

  - Morrison, D. "Xenophon's Socrates on the Just and the Lawful." Ancient Philosophy 15: 329-477.

• “Xenophon’s Symposium”

  - Bartlett, R. "Xenophon's Symposium." In Xenophon's Shorter Socratic Writings, ed. Robert Bartlett. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell U. Press. 1996.
  Publisher’s Review “This book presents translations of three dialogues Xenophon devoted to the life and thought of his teacher, Socrates. Each is accompanied by notes and an interpretative essay that will introduce new readers to Xenophon and… More

• “The Rhetoric of Xenophon and the Treatment of Justice in the Memorabilia”

  - Buzetti, E. "The Rhetoric of Xenophon and the Treatment of Justice in the Memorabilia," Interpretation 29 (1) 2001: 6.

• Xenophon’s Socrates by Leo Strauss

  - Strauss, Leo. Xenophon's Socrates. South Bend, IN: St. Augustine’s Press, 2004. Originally published 1972.
  From the publisher: Relying exclusively on the texts, Professor Strauss analyzes and compares every seemingly casual utterance as well as the more formal statements to recover the true Socrates and to determine the character of political philosophy. He… More

• “Xenophon’s Socrates on Political Ambition” by Benjamin Lorch

  - Lorch, B. "Xenophon's Socrates on Political Ambition and Political Philosophy." The Review of Politics. Vol. 72. Issue 2 2010.

• Socrates without Plato: the portrayals of Aristophanes and Xenophon

  - Peter Adamson. History of Philosophy Podcast. King's College London.  Audio recording. Time 20:25.
  In the first of several episodes on Socrates, Peter Adamson discusses portrayals of Socrates in “The Clouds” of Aristophanes and in the works of the historian Xenophon.

• The Shorter Socratic Writings

  - Xenophon, The Shorter Socratic Writings, trans./ed. R. Bartlett. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press. 1996.
  Publisher’s Review: “This book presents translations of three dialogues Xenophon devoted to the life and thought of his teacher, Socrates. Each is accompanied by notes and an interpretative essay that will introduce new readers to Xenophon and… More

• Xenophon’s Memorabilia

  - Xenophon. Memorabilia. Translated and edited by A. L. Bonnette. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1994.
  From the publisher: An essential text for understanding Socrates, Xenophon’s Memorabilia is the compelling tribute of an affectionate student to his teacher, providing a rare firsthand account of Socrates’ life and philosophy. The Memorabilia is… More

• The Education of Cyrus

  - Xenophon. The Education of Cyrus. Translated and edited by Wayne Ambler. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2001.
  From the publisher: Xenophon’s masterpiece The Education of Cyrus—a work admired by Machiavelli for its lessons on leadership—is at last available in a new English translation for a new century. Also known as the Cyropaedia, this philosophical novel… More

• Hiero or: On Tyranny

  - Hiero in Leo Strauss On Tyranny, ed. Gourevitch, Roth Chicago: University of Chicago Press. corrected and expanded edition, 2013.
  From the publisher: On Tyranny is Leo Strauss’s classic reading of Xenophon’s dialogue, Hiero or Tyrannicus, in which the tyrant Hiero and the poet Simonides discuss the advantages and disadvantages of exercising tyranny. This edition… More