Shapiro, Gary.  "Nietzsche Contra Renan."  History and Theory 21 (May 1982): 193-222.

Excerpt:

“I mean by the title of this essay to allude to Nietzsche Contra Wagner and
thereby to suggest the use which Nietzsche made of Renan in formulating some
of his most distinctive thoughts. More specifically I suggest that Nietzsche’s
later view of history, especially as expressed in The Genealogy of Morals and
The Antichrist, is a critique and parody of Renan’s History of the Origins of
Christianity. (I speak deliberately of Nietzsche’s “view of history” rather than
his “philosophy of history” because the latter phrase contains too many asso-
ciations which Nietzsche’s view rejects.) What is at issue is not a question of
influence, as that term is usually understood, but rather the possibility of de-
lineating in some detail the way in which Nietzsche formulated the models of
genealogy (to speak now in his own terms) as more or less explicit alternatives
to those of history. As Michel Foucault has suggested, The Genealogy of
Morals is to be read not simply as one more historical essay on the origin and
development of the moral ideas in the tradition of Buckle, Lecky, Spencer,
and Mill. These English psychologists are criticized at the very beginning of
Nietzsche’s book for their philosophical and therefore unhistorical way of
thinking. They search for an origin (Ursprung), a single basic principle or
arche, which will illuminate an entire development. The appropriate genealogi-
cal metaphor is not origin but ancestry or heritage (Herkunft).'”

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