Other Works

• The Civil War in France: The Paris Commune

  - Marx, Karl. The Civil War in France: The Paris Commune. 2^nd ed. New York: International Publishers, 1989.
  Excerpt: “In the Inaugural Address of the International Working Men’s Association, of November 1864, we said: “If the emancipation of the working classes requires their fraternal concurrence, how are they to fulfill that great mission with a… More

• The Communist Manifesto: With Seven Rare Prefaces (1848)

  - Marx, Karl. The Communist Manifesto: With Seven Rare Prefaces. Samuel Moore, trans. World Library Classics, 2009.
  Excerpt: “The history of all hitherto existing society(2) is the history of class struggles. Freeman and slave, patrician and plebeian, lord and serf, guild-master(3) and journeyman, in a word, oppressor and oppressed, stood in constant opposition to… More

• Critique of the Gotha Program (1875)

  - Marx, Karl. Critique of the Gotha Program. Marxists.org.
  “First part of the paragraph: “Labor is the source of all wealth and all culture.” Labor is not the source of all wealth. Nature is just as much the source of use values (and it is surely of such that material wealth consists!) as labor,… More

• Theses on Feuerbach (1845)

  - Marx, Karl. Theses on Feuerbach. Marxists.org.
  Excerpt: “The main defect of all hitherto-existing materialism — that of Feuerbach included — is that the Object [der Gegenstand], actuality, sensuousness, are conceived only in the form of the object[Objekts], or of contemplation [Anschauung],… More

• The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte (1852)

  - Marx, Karl. The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte. Marxists.org.
  Excerpt: “Hegel remarks somewhere[*] that all great world-historic facts and personages appear, so to speak, twice. He forgot to add: the first time as tragedy, the second time as farce. Caussidière for Danton, Louis Blanc for Robespierre, the… More

Commentary

• Essays on Marx and Russia

  - Croce, Benedetto, and Angelo A. De Gennaro. Essays on Marx and Russia. New York: F. Ungar Pub. Co., 1966.

• “Marx and the Intellectuals”

  - Avineri, Shlomo. “Marx and the Intellectuals.” Journal of the History of Ideas, Vol. 28 (1967), pp. 269–278.
  Excerpt:   “Marx’s major contribution to political thought has undoubtedly been the philosophical connection he establishes between the proletariat as social phenomenon and socialism as program of social action. In that program of social… More

• “How to Save Marx from the Alchemists of Revolution”

  - Avineri, Shlomo. “How to Save Marx from the Alchemists of Revolution.” Political Theory, Vol. 4 (1976), pp. 35-44.
  Excerpt: “At the risk of repeating some of the evidence which can be found in my book, I would like to reiterate briefly Marx’s position on the question of gradual versus violent overthrow of capitalist governments. Marx’s classical text on… More

• “Salvaging Marx from Avineri”

  - Gilbert, Alan. “Salvaging Marx from Avineri.” Political Theory, Vol. 4 (1976), pp. 9–34.
  Excerpt: “UNDERLYING THE “CLASSIC” scholarly interpretation of Marx is what might be called the economic determinist hypothesis, namely that Marx viewed the course of social development as entirely governed by the development of the… More

• “The Right of Revolution”

  - Mansfield, Harvey C. “The Right of Revolution.” Daedalus, Vol. 105 (1976), pp. 151–162.
  Excerpt: “Somewhere amidst the uneasy self-congratulation of the American Bicentennial there ought to be concern for the right of revolution?that principle by which and on which this country was founded. How does it stand today? It has, first of all,… More

• “On ‘Avineri’s Marx: An Exchange.’”

  - Masters, Roger D. “On ‘Avineri’s Marx: An Exchange.’” Political Theory, Vol. 5 (1977), pp. 257–260.
  Excerpt: ” In answering a critique of his book on Marx, Shlomo Avineri cited a letter from a friend who was in France during les evenements of May 1968. Gilbert, in rebutting this rebuttal, asks how the unnamed corre- spondent would account for… More

• “Social Theory and Revolutionary Activity in Marx”

  - Gilbert, Alan. “Social Theory and Revolutionary Activity in Marx.” The American Political Science Review, Vol. 73 (1979), pp. 521–538.
  Abstract: “Economic determinist attempts to deduce specific political conclusions or strategies from Marx’s general theory do not jibe with Marx’s own extensive political activity. Instead, Marx’s development as a political theorist… More

• “Marx and Lenin”

  - West, Thomas G. “Marx and Lenin.” Interpretation, Vol. 11 (1983), pp. 73-86.
  Excerpt: ” The dispute over the relationship of Marx and Lenin concerns the meaning of Marxism in practice. Was the Lenin-led Russian revolution of 191 7 a Marxist revolution? And beyond that, is the post-Lenin Soviet Union, including that of Stalin,… More

• The Social and Political Thought of Karl Marx

  - Avineri, Shlomo. The Social and Political Thought of Karl Marx. London: Cambridge University Press, 1990.
  From the Publisher: “Ever since the discovery of Marx’s Early Writings, most of the literature concerned with Marx’s intellectual development has centred around the so-called gap between the ‘young’ Marx, who was considered to be… More

• The Cambridge Companion to Marx

  - Carver, Terrell, ed. The Cambridge Companion to Marx. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992.
  From the Publisher: “Marx was a highly original and polymathic thinker, unhampered by disciplinary boundaries, whose intellectual influence has been enormous. Yet in the wake of the collapse of Marxism-Leninism in Eastern Europe the question arises as… More

• The Accumulation of Capital

  - Luxemburg, Rosa. The Accumulation of Capital. London: Routledge, 2003.
  From the Publisher: “Rosa Luxemburg was a revolutionary socialist who fought and died for her beliefs. In January 1919, after being arrested for her involvement in a workers’ uprising in Berlin, she was brutally murdered by a group of right-wing… More

• The Theory of Revolution in the Young Marx

  - Löwy, Michael. The Theory of Revolution in the Young Marx. Chicago: Haymarket Books, 2005.
  From the Publisher: ““This book is brilliant, incisive, honest and deserves to be read with attention. It is an important event in the Marxist theoretical production.” —Politique Hebdo “A remarkable essay, whose merit is not only theoretical,… More

• On Revolution

  - Arendt, Hannah. On Revolution. London: Penguin, 2009.
  Excerpt: “Wars and revolutions – as though events had only hurried up to fulfil Lenin’s early prediction – have thus far determined the physiognomy of the twentieth century. And as distinguished from the nineteenth-century… More