Other Works

The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte (1852)

- Marx, Karl. The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte. Marxists.org.
Excerpt: “Hegel remarks somewhere[*] that all great world-historic facts and personages appear, so to speak, twice. He forgot to add: the first time as tragedy, the second time as farce. Caussidière for Danton, Louis Blanc for Robespierre, the… More

Theses on Feuerbach (1845)

- Marx, Karl. Theses on Feuerbach. Marxists.org.
Excerpt: “The main defect of all hitherto-existing materialism — that of Feuerbach included — is that the Object [der Gegenstand], actuality, sensuousness, are conceived only in the form of the object[Objekts], or of contemplation [Anschauung],… More

On the Jewish Question (1844)

- Marx, Karl. On the Jewish Question. Marxists.org.
Excerpt: “The German Jews desire emancipation. What kind of emancipation do they desire? Civic, political emancipation. Bruno Bauer replies to them: No one in Germany is politically emancipated. We ourselves are not free. How are we to free you? You… More

Critique of the Gotha Program (1875)

- Marx, Karl. Critique of the Gotha Program. Marxists.org.
“First part of the paragraph: “Labor is the source of all wealth and all culture.” Labor is not the source of all wealth. Nature is just as much the source of use values (and it is surely of such that material wealth consists!) as labor,… More

Contribution to the Critique of Hegel’s Philosophy of Right (1843)

- Marx, Karl. Contribution to the Critique of Hegel's Philosophy of Right. Marxists.org.
“For Germany, the criticism of religion has been essentially completed, and the criticism of religion is the prerequisite of all criticism. The profane existence of error is compromised as soon as its heavenly oratio pro aris et focis [“speech… More

The Communist Manifesto: With Seven Rare Prefaces (1848)

- Marx, Karl. The Communist Manifesto: With Seven Rare Prefaces. Samuel Moore, trans. World Library Classics, 2009.
Excerpt: “The history of all hitherto existing society(2) is the history of class struggles. Freeman and slave, patrician and plebeian, lord and serf, guild-master(3) and journeyman, in a word, oppressor and oppressed, stood in constant opposition to… More

Marx on Religion

- Marx, Karl. Marx on Religion. John Raines, ed. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 2002.

The German Ideology: Including Theses on Feuerbach and Introduction to The Critique of Political Economy (1845)

- Marx, Karl. The German Ideology: Including Theses on Feuerbach and Introduction to The Critique of Political Economy. Amherst, N.Y.: Prometheus Books, 1998.
Excerpt: “As we hear from German ideologists, Germany has in the last few years gone through an unparalleled revolution. The decomposition of the Hegelian philosophy, which began with Strauss, has developed into a universal ferment into which all the… More

Grundrisse: Foundations of the Critique of Political Economy (1857)

- Marx, Karl. Grundrisse: Foundations of the Critique of Political Economy. Martin Nicolaus, trans. London: Penguin Books, 1993.
Excerpt: “I examine the system of bourgeois economy in the following order: capital, landed property, wage-labour; the State, foreign trade, world market. The economic conditions of existence of the three great classes into which modern bourgeois… More

Early Writings of Karl Marx

- Marx, Karl. Early Writings of Karl Marx. Rodney Livingstone and Gregor Benton, trans. London: Penguin Books, 1992.

The Civil War in France: The Paris Commune

- Marx, Karl. The Civil War in France: The Paris Commune. 2nd ed. New York: International Publishers, 1989.
Excerpt: “In the Inaugural Address of the International Working Men’s Association, of November 1864, we said: “If the emancipation of the working classes requires their fraternal concurrence, how are they to fulfill that great mission with a… More

Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844

- Marx, Karl. Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844. Martin Milligan, trans. Amherst, NY: Prometheus Books, 1988.
Excerpt: “Wages are determined through the antagonistic struggle between capitalist and worker. Victory goes necessarily to the capitalist. The capitalist can live longer without the worker than can the worker without the capitalist. Combination among… More

Werke (MEW)

- Werke (MEW). Berlin: Dietz Verlag, 1956-1990.
Secondary scholarly edition (German language)